University of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-486710220250923Indicators and Tools of Smart Security Services for Tourists in Urban SpacesIndicators and Tools of Smart Security Services for Tourists in Urban Spaces1182954910.22108/ue.2025.144882.1314FAMajidFarhadi UonakiPh.D. in Tourism; Researcher, Department of Tourism Studies of City, ACECR, Isfahan Branch, Isfahan, IranZahedShafieiAssociate Professor, Department of Museum and Tourism, Faculty of Research Excellence in Art and Entrepreneurship, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20250412In today's digital age, the utilization of advanced technologies and smart solutions plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and security of tourists in urban spaces. Achieving this goal requires the development of appropriate indicators and the identification of relevant tools in the field. The present study aims to identify the key indicators and tools associated with smart security services for tourists in urban spaces. In terms of purpose, this research is applied, and from the perspective of data collection type and method, it falls within the realm of qualitative research. To this end, the qualitative content analysis method was employed as semi-structured interviews with experts. The statistical population of the study comprises experts knowledgeable in the subject matter. The findings led to the identification of 15 indicators for the smartification of tourist security services in urban settings, as well as 51 smart tools currently utilized across 19 leading tourist-destination countries. Key indicators identified include: the application of advanced security technologies in tourist-receiving urban areas; empowerment of security personnel in the domain of smart urban tourism; intelligent management of public space security; smartification of urban tourism transportation systems; smart security services in airports; smart security of tourist accommodations; intelligent safety and protection in tourist attractions; smart security information dissemination to tourists in urban areas; and multilayered smart protection of tourists in urban spaces. This study offers a strategic framework for developing urban security policies with a tourism-oriented approach.In today's digital age, the utilization of advanced technologies and smart solutions plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and security of tourists in urban spaces. Achieving this goal requires the development of appropriate indicators and the identification of relevant tools in the field. The present study aims to identify the key indicators and tools associated with smart security services for tourists in urban spaces. In terms of purpose, this research is applied, and from the perspective of data collection type and method, it falls within the realm of qualitative research. To this end, the qualitative content analysis method was employed as semi-structured interviews with experts. The statistical population of the study comprises experts knowledgeable in the subject matter. The findings led to the identification of 15 indicators for the smartification of tourist security services in urban settings, as well as 51 smart tools currently utilized across 19 leading tourist-destination countries. Key indicators identified include: the application of advanced security technologies in tourist-receiving urban areas; empowerment of security personnel in the domain of smart urban tourism; intelligent management of public space security; smartification of urban tourism transportation systems; smart security services in airports; smart security of tourist accommodations; intelligent safety and protection in tourist attractions; smart security information dissemination to tourists in urban areas; and multilayered smart protection of tourists in urban spaces. This study offers a strategic framework for developing urban security policies with a tourism-oriented approach.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29549_c5472d64f9a42e446b49dfb840524689.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-486710220250923Estimating the economic value of waste source separation and its role in household microeconomics (Case study: Talesh city)Estimating the economic value of waste source separation and its role in household microeconomics (Case study: Talesh city)19342963410.22108/ue.2025.144886.1313FAShamaielTaghizadehDepartment of Environmental science and engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, IranBabakTavakoliDepartment of Environmental science and engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, IranJavadTorkamanDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, IranMehdiAalipourDepartment of Environmental science and engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, IranJournal Article20250410Population growth and urbanization, and consequently the increase in solid waste production and its release into the environment, are one of the most important challenges facing human society. Management and planning of urban solid waste will not be possible without sufficient and reliable information about the waste generation rate and its physical components. The reuse and recycling of solid waste are among the most pressing environmental issues due to the high costs associated with collecting and disposing of urban waste in landfills. Source separation can significantly reduce disposal costs and increase household income. The present study was conducted to investigate the quantity of generated waste in Talesh City and estimate the economic value of source separation in 2022-2023, which was undertaken randomly in 30 households. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the data. ANOVA test was used to compare groups. The results showed that the percentage of household waste components is as follows: plastic 42%, paper and cardboard 33%, metals 10%, and glass 15%. The annual per capita waste was 6.796 kg in Talesh City. The income from the sale of waste showed that there was no significant difference between the per capita production of waste and the income from the sale in different seasons (p>0.05). The findings of this study show that 575.781 kg of waste was collected from 30 households in a source separation plan during one year, and the income from the sale of this amount of waste was 5,858,780 Tomans. In addition, based on this study, it was determined that the source separation and recycling policy is the most appropriate economic solution for managing the significant volume of recyclable production materials in this city and can create job opportunities. This study emphasizes that, given the importance of waste separation in preserving natural resources and reducing financial pressure on municipalities, it is essential to pay attention to this process as an effective strategy for waste management in Iranian cities.Population growth and urbanization, and consequently the increase in solid waste production and its release into the environment, are one of the most important challenges facing human society. Management and planning of urban solid waste will not be possible without sufficient and reliable information about the waste generation rate and its physical components. The reuse and recycling of solid waste are among the most pressing environmental issues due to the high costs associated with collecting and disposing of urban waste in landfills. Source separation can significantly reduce disposal costs and increase household income. The present study was conducted to investigate the quantity of generated waste in Talesh City and estimate the economic value of source separation in 2022-2023, which was undertaken randomly in 30 households. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the data. ANOVA test was used to compare groups. The results showed that the percentage of household waste components is as follows: plastic 42%, paper and cardboard 33%, metals 10%, and glass 15%. The annual per capita waste was 6.796 kg in Talesh City. The income from the sale of waste showed that there was no significant difference between the per capita production of waste and the income from the sale in different seasons (p>0.05). The findings of this study show that 575.781 kg of waste was collected from 30 households in a source separation plan during one year, and the income from the sale of this amount of waste was 5,858,780 Tomans. In addition, based on this study, it was determined that the source separation and recycling policy is the most appropriate economic solution for managing the significant volume of recyclable production materials in this city and can create job opportunities. This study emphasizes that, given the importance of waste separation in preserving natural resources and reducing financial pressure on municipalities, it is essential to pay attention to this process as an effective strategy for waste management in Iranian cities.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29634_6f45317f5801fbdd7acc0665213b32ba.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-486710220250923Smart City Knowledge Mapping: An Analytical Approach Using VOSviewerSmart City Knowledge Mapping: An Analytical Approach Using VOSviewer35502969410.22108/ue.2025.145253.1317FAHafezMahdnejadAssociate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Said Jamaldin University of Asadabadi, Asadabad, Iran0000-0001-7548-9355Journal Article20250513Analyzing the Smart City Knowledge Map with VOSviewer is necessary because it helps identify research patterns, thematic clusters, and emerging trends in this field. This tool visualizes the complex connections between interdisciplinary topics (such as technology, urban planning, and sustainability) and helps decision-makers and researchers identify knowledge gaps or overlaps. The statistical population of the present study comprises all articles related to smart cities published between 2020 and 2025 in English, indexed in the Scopus citation database. The collected articles were analyzed using Vosviewer software. Based on the study's findings, active researchers in the field of smart cities include Yigitkanlar, Motambik, Bibri, Sharifi, Adas, Burns, Kurtz, Mahmud, Myung, and Sharma. China, India, the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, South Korea, Poland, and Australia have published the most articles in the field of smart cities. The visualization of the co-occurrence network of smart city terms shows that 825 items are classified into 8 clusters. The first cluster has 194 items, the second cluster has 169 items, the third cluster has 112 items, the fourth cluster has 107 items, the fifth cluster has 84 items, the sixth cluster has 81 items, the seventh cluster has 76 items, and the eighth cluster has 2 items. Based on the visualization of word occurrence density, the topic of smart cities is shifting towards focusing on components such as sustainable development, zero carbon, resilience, circular economy, human capital, and energy efficiency, etc.Analyzing the Smart City Knowledge Map with VOSviewer is necessary because it helps identify research patterns, thematic clusters, and emerging trends in this field. This tool visualizes the complex connections between interdisciplinary topics (such as technology, urban planning, and sustainability) and helps decision-makers and researchers identify knowledge gaps or overlaps. The statistical population of the present study comprises all articles related to smart cities published between 2020 and 2025 in English, indexed in the Scopus citation database. The collected articles were analyzed using Vosviewer software. Based on the study's findings, active researchers in the field of smart cities include Yigitkanlar, Motambik, Bibri, Sharifi, Adas, Burns, Kurtz, Mahmud, Myung, and Sharma. China, India, the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, South Korea, Poland, and Australia have published the most articles in the field of smart cities. The visualization of the co-occurrence network of smart city terms shows that 825 items are classified into 8 clusters. The first cluster has 194 items, the second cluster has 169 items, the third cluster has 112 items, the fourth cluster has 107 items, the fifth cluster has 84 items, the sixth cluster has 81 items, the seventh cluster has 76 items, and the eighth cluster has 2 items. Based on the visualization of word occurrence density, the topic of smart cities is shifting towards focusing on components such as sustainable development, zero carbon, resilience, circular economy, human capital, and energy efficiency, etc.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29694_b7702002a879f360744095290a40bbd1.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-486710220250923Investigating the Relationship between Housing Rental Power and the Increase in Marginalization around Tehran (with an Approach to Oil Revenues and the Dutch Disease Hypothesis)Investigating the Relationship between Housing Rental Power and the Increase in Marginalization around Tehran (with an Approach to Oil Revenues and the Dutch Disease Hypothesis)51662996310.22108/ue.2025.143839.1307FANasrinSakiPhD Student of Sociology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHosseinDehghanFaculty Member, Department of Sociology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranFeizullahNorouziFaculty Member, Department of Sociology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241230In recent years, with the growth of urbanization, a large number of households, due to the inadequacy and increase in housing prices in big cities, and the incompatibility of housing prices with their incomes, have turned to marginal areas, which have better economic options in providing cheap housing. On the other hand, the housing sector as a macro-economic variable is influenced by oil revenues. The present research has investigated the connection between oil revenues and housing prices and their impact in two peripheral areas around the city of Tehran in the periods from 2001-2002 to 2021-2022. In the first phase of the research, the effect of oil revenues on housing prices has been calculated through a correlation test. In the second phase, the effect of housing price and rent on the rate of population growth in marginal areas has been calculated through the correlation test. The current research is of a quantitative, statistical and documentary type and is based on the hypothesis of the Dutch disease in countries with natural resources. The results of the research demonstrate that the effect of oil revenues on housing prices is positive, and its coefficient is 0.332. And the effect of housing prices on the rate of increase of the population in Morteza Gerd and Qiamdasht areas is also positive, and the coefficient of its impact on the two regions is 0.971 and 0.991, respectively. According to the results obtained in the mentioned years, with the increase in oil revenues, the price of housing increased, and as a result, the level of marginalization of people has also increased in marginal areas.In recent years, with the growth of urbanization, a large number of households, due to the inadequacy and increase in housing prices in big cities, and the incompatibility of housing prices with their incomes, have turned to marginal areas, which have better economic options in providing cheap housing. On the other hand, the housing sector as a macro-economic variable is influenced by oil revenues. The present research has investigated the connection between oil revenues and housing prices and their impact in two peripheral areas around the city of Tehran in the periods from 2001-2002 to 2021-2022. In the first phase of the research, the effect of oil revenues on housing prices has been calculated through a correlation test. In the second phase, the effect of housing price and rent on the rate of population growth in marginal areas has been calculated through the correlation test. The current research is of a quantitative, statistical and documentary type and is based on the hypothesis of the Dutch disease in countries with natural resources. The results of the research demonstrate that the effect of oil revenues on housing prices is positive, and its coefficient is 0.332. And the effect of housing prices on the rate of increase of the population in Morteza Gerd and Qiamdasht areas is also positive, and the coefficient of its impact on the two regions is 0.971 and 0.991, respectively. According to the results obtained in the mentioned years, with the increase in oil revenues, the price of housing increased, and as a result, the level of marginalization of people has also increased in marginal areas.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29963_6ed521f161cdb88b28fe9eaa67352ca0.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-486710220250923Meta-Methodological Analysis of Land-Use Planning and Economic Sustainability: Innovative Approaches for Urban OptimizationMeta-Methodological Analysis of Land-Use Planning and Economic Sustainability: Innovative Approaches for Urban Optimization67782998010.22108/ue.2025.145645.1323FASeyede ElaheRezvanianDepartment of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Azad University, Mashhad, IranToktamHanaeeDepartment of Urban Planning, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20250615This study conducts a meta-methodological analysis of land-use planning and economic sustainability to examine novel approaches to urban optimization. Given the rapid pace of urbanization and the consequences of suboptimal land allocation, the need for systematic methods in land-use planning has become increasingly pressing. Designed as an applied–developmental investigation, the research adopts a meta-methodological approach. The sampling frame comprises all articles indexed in the Web of Science from 2015 to 2024. Initially, 94,338 records were identified; after thematic screening, this number was reduced to 7,718. Using VOSviewer, the corpus was further narrowed to 534 articles, and finally, 28 studies were selected based on scientific criteria. Data were collected through systematic content analysis and coded in MAXQDA. Analytical tools included network analysis, qualitative and quantitative coding, and descriptive statistical models. Validity was ensured through peer review, and the reliability of categorization was confirmed using Cohen’s kappa (κ > 0.70). Findings indicate that the influential variables cluster into six core categories: (1) land-use planning, (2) land-use optimization, (3) access and transport networks, (4) economic factors, (5) social factors, and (6) environmental factors. Among these, land use, economic development, ecosystem-services value, environmental protection, and population density play the most prominent roles in advancing urban economic sustainability. By proposing a systematic framework, the study provides a foundation for developing more effective models for urban resource management and enhancing economic sustainability.This study conducts a meta-methodological analysis of land-use planning and economic sustainability to examine novel approaches to urban optimization. Given the rapid pace of urbanization and the consequences of suboptimal land allocation, the need for systematic methods in land-use planning has become increasingly pressing. Designed as an applied–developmental investigation, the research adopts a meta-methodological approach. The sampling frame comprises all articles indexed in the Web of Science from 2015 to 2024. Initially, 94,338 records were identified; after thematic screening, this number was reduced to 7,718. Using VOSviewer, the corpus was further narrowed to 534 articles, and finally, 28 studies were selected based on scientific criteria. Data were collected through systematic content analysis and coded in MAXQDA. Analytical tools included network analysis, qualitative and quantitative coding, and descriptive statistical models. Validity was ensured through peer review, and the reliability of categorization was confirmed using Cohen’s kappa (κ > 0.70). Findings indicate that the influential variables cluster into six core categories: (1) land-use planning, (2) land-use optimization, (3) access and transport networks, (4) economic factors, (5) social factors, and (6) environmental factors. Among these, land use, economic development, ecosystem-services value, environmental protection, and population density play the most prominent roles in advancing urban economic sustainability. By proposing a systematic framework, the study provides a foundation for developing more effective models for urban resource management and enhancing economic sustainability.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29980_4cede4393bbb790f6afa42aef6ef1d1d.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-486710220250923Exploring the Lived Experiences of Street Vendors in Isfahan in Response to Urban Management PoliciesExploring the Lived Experiences of Street Vendors in Isfahan in Response to Urban Management Policies791003006210.22108/ue.2025.145914.1325FAHasanrezaYosofvandAssistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranAzimeh Al-SadatAbdollahiAssistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250711Street vending, as a part of the informal economy, poses complex challenges for urban management in developing cities. This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experiences of street vendors in Isfahan in response to urban management policies. Using a thematic analysis approach, data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 20 street vendors (12 men, 8 women), selected to ensure diversity in gender, work experience, and areas of activity. Interviews were conducted in the first half of 2024 across three districts: Chaharbagh, Naqsh-e Jahan, and Malekshahr. Data were analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis method, using in-depth semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection tool. Findings were categorized into three main themes: spatial and regulatory exclusion, economic pressure and daily survival, and resistance and the assertion of the right to the city. Results indicated that removal-oriented municipal policies, including evictions and property confiscation, reinforced feelings of neglect and humiliation among street vendors. Economic pressures, particularly for household heads, transformed their lives into a daily struggle for survival. Nevertheless, street vendors resisted through creative strategies such as relocation and networking, asserting their presence as a matter of citizenship rights. Gender and work experience influenced patterns of resistance, with women and experienced vendors exhibiting more sustained forms of resistance. This study emphasizes the necessity of more equitable policy-making to recognize street vendors as integral to the urban economy and culture, and suggests that future research focus on gender analysis, longitudinal studies, and the potential for collective organization.Street vending, as a part of the informal economy, poses complex challenges for urban management in developing cities. This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experiences of street vendors in Isfahan in response to urban management policies. Using a thematic analysis approach, data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 20 street vendors (12 men, 8 women), selected to ensure diversity in gender, work experience, and areas of activity. Interviews were conducted in the first half of 2024 across three districts: Chaharbagh, Naqsh-e Jahan, and Malekshahr. Data were analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis method, using in-depth semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection tool. Findings were categorized into three main themes: spatial and regulatory exclusion, economic pressure and daily survival, and resistance and the assertion of the right to the city. Results indicated that removal-oriented municipal policies, including evictions and property confiscation, reinforced feelings of neglect and humiliation among street vendors. Economic pressures, particularly for household heads, transformed their lives into a daily struggle for survival. Nevertheless, street vendors resisted through creative strategies such as relocation and networking, asserting their presence as a matter of citizenship rights. Gender and work experience influenced patterns of resistance, with women and experienced vendors exhibiting more sustained forms of resistance. This study emphasizes the necessity of more equitable policy-making to recognize street vendors as integral to the urban economy and culture, and suggests that future research focus on gender analysis, longitudinal studies, and the potential for collective organization.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_30062_ed2e429d530d4b74fef9505352a6dd0b.pdf