University of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-48679220241221An Analysis of Lighting Quality in University Buildings in District 6 of Tehran: Proposing Improvement Strategies Aligned with Relevant Requirements and Life Cycle Cost AssessmentAn Analysis of Lighting Quality in University Buildings in District 6 of Tehran: Proposing Improvement Strategies Aligned with Relevant Requirements and Life Cycle Cost Assessment1182916110.22108/ue.2024.142444.1294FAMohammadKazemiDepartment of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranAliyehKazemiSchool of Industrial and Technology Management, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240813Lighting within educational environments is critical in establishing an optimal atmosphere that supports health, conserves energy, enhances the utility of educational spaces, and fosters effective learning. This study aims to assess the lighting quality in educational institutions, considering international standards and criteria and providing recommendations for improvements. The research focuses specifically on universities located in District 6 of Tehran, including the University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modares University, and Amirkabir University of Technology. To achieve these objectives, a mixed-method research approach has been adopted. This approach encompasses a comprehensive literature review, architectural and electrical documentation analysis, direct observations, and comparative assessments. Additionally, relevant strategies are proposed based on an examination of successful case studies that align with Iran’s lighting methodologies and technologies. A life cycle cost assessment has also been conducted to validate these proposed solutions. The findings indicated that strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of educational lighting include (1) designing lighting systems tailored to various functions while ensuring sufficient illumination levels, (2) emphasizing the integration of daylight considerations alongside the implementation of control systems, (3) designing lighting systems following geometry, spatial configurations, proportions, and furniture arrangements, and (4) ensuring that environments retain adaptability concerning the lighting systems implemented. Replacing fluorescent lamps with LED lighting and installing motion sensors in educational corridors can lead to a significant annual energy consumption reduction of 91.1%. Additionally, integrating daylight with electric lighting and utilizing active control mechanisms could achieve an even greater reduction of 95.3%.Lighting within educational environments is critical in establishing an optimal atmosphere that supports health, conserves energy, enhances the utility of educational spaces, and fosters effective learning. This study aims to assess the lighting quality in educational institutions, considering international standards and criteria and providing recommendations for improvements. The research focuses specifically on universities located in District 6 of Tehran, including the University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modares University, and Amirkabir University of Technology. To achieve these objectives, a mixed-method research approach has been adopted. This approach encompasses a comprehensive literature review, architectural and electrical documentation analysis, direct observations, and comparative assessments. Additionally, relevant strategies are proposed based on an examination of successful case studies that align with Iran’s lighting methodologies and technologies. A life cycle cost assessment has also been conducted to validate these proposed solutions. The findings indicated that strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of educational lighting include (1) designing lighting systems tailored to various functions while ensuring sufficient illumination levels, (2) emphasizing the integration of daylight considerations alongside the implementation of control systems, (3) designing lighting systems following geometry, spatial configurations, proportions, and furniture arrangements, and (4) ensuring that environments retain adaptability concerning the lighting systems implemented. Replacing fluorescent lamps with LED lighting and installing motion sensors in educational corridors can lead to a significant annual energy consumption reduction of 91.1%. Additionally, integrating daylight with electric lighting and utilizing active control mechanisms could achieve an even greater reduction of 95.3%.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29161_a3621306f3e18dae58c5afd758849fb5.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-48679220241221Factors Affecting Water Consumption, An Application of Behavioral Economics: A Case Study of Yazd CityFactors Affecting Water Consumption, An Application of Behavioral Economics: A Case Study of Yazd City19302920310.22108/ue.2024.134552.1222FAZahraNasrollahiProfessor of Economics, Department of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, IranSamiraRigaM.A. in Economics, Department of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, IranJournal Article20220818Economic growth, population growth, income increase, and urbanization are important factors that have increased water demand. Following the rise in demand for fresh water, the scarcity of this vital resource has become one of the main concerns of policymakers and the proper management of water resources has become one of the policy priorities. Although the use of pricing strategies is an available option in this field, the low elasticity of water demand has limited the effectiveness of this policy tool, so researchers have considered the use of non-pricing policies as a complementary strategy in the success of planning to control water scarcity in policymakers' plans to reduce demand for water resources. In this regard, the present study has investigated the effect of non-pricing strategies on water consumption. In this study, households were provided with labels containing information about each household's water consumption and its comparison with the average consumption of the neighborhood. A pair t-test for regions one and two of Yazd city during the period 1397-1397 was used to investigate the effect of non-pricing strategies on water consumption. The results showed that the mean difference in pre-test-post-test stages was significant in both regions. The average water consumption of subscribers decreased by 8.015 units in Region One and 7.041 units in Region Two.Economic growth, population growth, income increase, and urbanization are important factors that have increased water demand. Following the rise in demand for fresh water, the scarcity of this vital resource has become one of the main concerns of policymakers and the proper management of water resources has become one of the policy priorities. Although the use of pricing strategies is an available option in this field, the low elasticity of water demand has limited the effectiveness of this policy tool, so researchers have considered the use of non-pricing policies as a complementary strategy in the success of planning to control water scarcity in policymakers' plans to reduce demand for water resources. In this regard, the present study has investigated the effect of non-pricing strategies on water consumption. In this study, households were provided with labels containing information about each household's water consumption and its comparison with the average consumption of the neighborhood. A pair t-test for regions one and two of Yazd city during the period 1397-1397 was used to investigate the effect of non-pricing strategies on water consumption. The results showed that the mean difference in pre-test-post-test stages was significant in both regions. The average water consumption of subscribers decreased by 8.015 units in Region One and 7.041 units in Region Two.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29203_a6d5640234187a80b914fbfcb50260e7.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-48679220241221Meta-Synthesis of Land Value Capture (LVC) Mechanism and Its InstrumentsMeta-Synthesis of Land Value Capture (LVC) Mechanism and Its Instruments31462924910.22108/ue.2024.142669.1296FAMahsaFatahianP.h.D Candidate of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranHomayoonNooraieAssociate Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranRezaNasr EsfahaniAssociate Professor of Urban Economic, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Economics, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20240901The rapid pace of urbanization and the growing demand for urban development have precipitated financial crises in cities worldwide, particularly in funding essential projects. Traditional revenue sources are insufficient to meet the substantial costs of urban initiatives, resulting in a significant financial gap between escalating expenditures and stagnant income streams. The Land Value Capture (LVC) mechanism, a collection of innovative financial tools, has gained global recognition as an effective strategy to alleviate the financial pressures of urban development. This study introduces the LVC mechanism to the Persian academic urban planning community for the first time, systematically categorizing its implementation tools using the meta-synthesis method. Data collection involved document analysis and a comprehensive literature review, adhering to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the PRISMA systematic review method. The data was analyzed through open and axial coding, followed by categorization. The proposed research model classifies LVC tools into four categories: tax and fee mechanisms, regulatory adjustments, public-private partnerships, and public asset and property management. It further identifies the instruments within each category and examines their application across various countries.The rapid pace of urbanization and the growing demand for urban development have precipitated financial crises in cities worldwide, particularly in funding essential projects. Traditional revenue sources are insufficient to meet the substantial costs of urban initiatives, resulting in a significant financial gap between escalating expenditures and stagnant income streams. The Land Value Capture (LVC) mechanism, a collection of innovative financial tools, has gained global recognition as an effective strategy to alleviate the financial pressures of urban development. This study introduces the LVC mechanism to the Persian academic urban planning community for the first time, systematically categorizing its implementation tools using the meta-synthesis method. Data collection involved document analysis and a comprehensive literature review, adhering to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the PRISMA systematic review method. The data was analyzed through open and axial coding, followed by categorization. The proposed research model classifies LVC tools into four categories: tax and fee mechanisms, regulatory adjustments, public-private partnerships, and public asset and property management. It further identifies the instruments within each category and examines their application across various countries.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29249_72c565875ac8cfe8e0621d5d54b669f2.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-48679220241221Investigating the impact of behavioral biases and financial literacy on investment decisions using the structural equation model: a case study of Kerman householdsInvestigating the impact of behavioral biases and financial literacy on investment decisions using the structural equation model: a case study of Kerman households47682926410.22108/ue.2025.143411.1303FAMohammadaliMaghsoudpourAssistant Professor of Economics, Baft Higher Education Complex, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranBehnamKaramshahiAssistant Professor of Accounting, Baft Higher Education Complex, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranJournal Article20241117The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of behavioral biases and financial literacy on the investment decisions of households in the city of Kerman. To achieve this goal, after reviewing the relevant literature, the effects of behavioral biases such as heuristic biases (including anchoring, representativeness, and overconfidence), framing biases (including mental accounting, the disposition effect, and regret avoidance), cognitive biases (including conservatism, confirmation, and hindsight), and herding behavior (including information processing, the bandwagon effect, and social group influence), as well as the impact of financial literacy on investors' decisions, were examined. The statistical population of the study consists of residents of Kerman who have experience in investing in financial markets. The required data were collected using a two-stage random sampling method from 388 residents of different areas of Kerman. Statistical techniques and structural equation modeling, utilizing software such as LISREL, SPSS 26, and Smart PLS3, were employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The study's findings indicate that heuristic biases, framing biases, cognitive illusions, and herding behavior have a significant negative impact on investors' decisions. In contrast, financial literacy has a significant positive impact on investors' decisions. Investors are advised to acquire the necessary knowledge about financial markets before investing and to avoid making transactions based on herd behavior. It is also recommended that financial market policymakers while reforming the market's structural system to enhance its efficiency and information transparency, plan necessary measures to raise the level of financial literacy among the general public.The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of behavioral biases and financial literacy on the investment decisions of households in the city of Kerman. To achieve this goal, after reviewing the relevant literature, the effects of behavioral biases such as heuristic biases (including anchoring, representativeness, and overconfidence), framing biases (including mental accounting, the disposition effect, and regret avoidance), cognitive biases (including conservatism, confirmation, and hindsight), and herding behavior (including information processing, the bandwagon effect, and social group influence), as well as the impact of financial literacy on investors' decisions, were examined. The statistical population of the study consists of residents of Kerman who have experience in investing in financial markets. The required data were collected using a two-stage random sampling method from 388 residents of different areas of Kerman. Statistical techniques and structural equation modeling, utilizing software such as LISREL, SPSS 26, and Smart PLS3, were employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The study's findings indicate that heuristic biases, framing biases, cognitive illusions, and herding behavior have a significant negative impact on investors' decisions. In contrast, financial literacy has a significant positive impact on investors' decisions. Investors are advised to acquire the necessary knowledge about financial markets before investing and to avoid making transactions based on herd behavior. It is also recommended that financial market policymakers while reforming the market's structural system to enhance its efficiency and information transparency, plan necessary measures to raise the level of financial literacy among the general public.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29264_5f79c15ebe5a4ed470925c8ce8ebf89a.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-48679220241221Analyzing the economic logic of urban and regional systems from the point of view of Agglomeration and networkAnalyzing the economic logic of urban and regional systems from the point of view of Agglomeration and network69922926510.22108/ue.2025.140858.1284FASedighehLotfiProfessor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranMojtabaShahabi ShamiriAssistant Professor, School of Urban Planning, College of Fin Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240303In recent years, various studies have been conducted regarding the logic governing the spatial organization of urban systems in Iran, emphasizing the transition of size-based and network-based paradigms. However, almost all of them explain the features of its spatial organization rather than focusing on the economic logic of urban systems. In this regard, the present article seeks to explain the financial logic of the spatial behaviors of urban systems in the interpretation of modern spatial phenomena with the review and genealogy of agglomeration and network economies. Considering the interpretive and discursive combination, a narrative review was used as the research method. Empirical evidence and review studies were searched in Google Scholar, IDEAS, Science Direct, and Scopus databases and were classified and selected based on “topic relevance”, “novelty” and “number of citations”. The results show first, there is a meaningful affinity between network and synergy as one of the dynamic dimensions of agglomeration economies. So that at least they complement each other and both are a source for benefiting from positive externalities. Second, while it is stated that the concept of agglomeration economies has different meanings in different spatial scales, it seems that the results of various studies at micro-industrial levels have become a cornerstone for explaining the economic behaviors of actors in urban and regional areas. Third, due to the change of the concept of agglomeration economies from a one-dimensional and static concept to a multi-dimensional and dynamic notion, new spatial phenomena cannot be interpreted in the form of one of these dimensions. Thus, it is necessary to explain them in some cases in addition to competitive logic, network logic, and sometimes territorial logic as well.In recent years, various studies have been conducted regarding the logic governing the spatial organization of urban systems in Iran, emphasizing the transition of size-based and network-based paradigms. However, almost all of them explain the features of its spatial organization rather than focusing on the economic logic of urban systems. In this regard, the present article seeks to explain the financial logic of the spatial behaviors of urban systems in the interpretation of modern spatial phenomena with the review and genealogy of agglomeration and network economies. Considering the interpretive and discursive combination, a narrative review was used as the research method. Empirical evidence and review studies were searched in Google Scholar, IDEAS, Science Direct, and Scopus databases and were classified and selected based on “topic relevance”, “novelty” and “number of citations”. The results show first, there is a meaningful affinity between network and synergy as one of the dynamic dimensions of agglomeration economies. So that at least they complement each other and both are a source for benefiting from positive externalities. Second, while it is stated that the concept of agglomeration economies has different meanings in different spatial scales, it seems that the results of various studies at micro-industrial levels have become a cornerstone for explaining the economic behaviors of actors in urban and regional areas. Third, due to the change of the concept of agglomeration economies from a one-dimensional and static concept to a multi-dimensional and dynamic notion, new spatial phenomena cannot be interpreted in the form of one of these dimensions. Thus, it is necessary to explain them in some cases in addition to competitive logic, network logic, and sometimes territorial logic as well.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29265_64a07ed44b9ce4597715698c31fd3007.pdfUniversity of IsfahanUrban Economics2588-48679220241221Spatial analysis of vitality indicators with emphasis on urban roads in Mashhad metropolisSpatial analysis of vitality indicators with emphasis on urban roads in Mashhad metropolis931122926910.22108/ue.2025.139643.1275FAAhmadHajarianPostdoctoral department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20231209In recent decades, following the excessive expansion of cities and the increasing importance of automobiles, the role of urban streets in urban spaces has decreased, which has led to the creation of boring environments in cities and the reduction of the vitality of urban spaces. Therefore, the vitality of urban streets is one of the most important concerns of urban planners. The purpose of this research is to spatially analyze the vitality indicators with an emphasis on urban streets in the 13 regions of the Mashhad metropolis. The present research is of an applied type in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlation study in terms of nature and method, and the data collection method is documentary (library) and field (questionnaire). SPSS and multi-criteria decision-making methods such as MEREC and COCOSO and the structural equation method (Smart PLS) have been used to analyze data and information. The study results show that regions 9, 1, and 4 have the highest, and regions 3, 12, and 10 have the lowest levels of vitality indicators with an emphasis on urban roads in Mashhad. Based on the results of the PLS structural equation testing, the leisure and recreation variable with a total impact coefficient of 0.658 has the greatest impact on vitality with an emphasis on urban roads. Then, the components of comfort and convenience (0.652), visual physical attractiveness and diversity (0.631), physical quality (0.623), safety and security (0.430), and accessibility (0.160) are effective on vitality with an emphasis on urban roads, respectively.In recent decades, following the excessive expansion of cities and the increasing importance of automobiles, the role of urban streets in urban spaces has decreased, which has led to the creation of boring environments in cities and the reduction of the vitality of urban spaces. Therefore, the vitality of urban streets is one of the most important concerns of urban planners. The purpose of this research is to spatially analyze the vitality indicators with an emphasis on urban streets in the 13 regions of the Mashhad metropolis. The present research is of an applied type in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlation study in terms of nature and method, and the data collection method is documentary (library) and field (questionnaire). SPSS and multi-criteria decision-making methods such as MEREC and COCOSO and the structural equation method (Smart PLS) have been used to analyze data and information. The study results show that regions 9, 1, and 4 have the highest, and regions 3, 12, and 10 have the lowest levels of vitality indicators with an emphasis on urban roads in Mashhad. Based on the results of the PLS structural equation testing, the leisure and recreation variable with a total impact coefficient of 0.658 has the greatest impact on vitality with an emphasis on urban roads. Then, the components of comfort and convenience (0.652), visual physical attractiveness and diversity (0.631), physical quality (0.623), safety and security (0.430), and accessibility (0.160) are effective on vitality with an emphasis on urban roads, respectively.https://ue.ui.ac.ir/article_29269_996b4067f50fc4447db669d53b568f0c.pdf